A multipurpose lesson (or two or three) that acquaints students with the basic principles of historical methodology. [163] Eddowes's left kidney had been removed by the killer. Whittington-Egan, Richard; Whittington-Egan, Molly (1992). 205–207 and Fido, pp. [126] The Committee petitioned the government to raise a reward for information leading to the arrest of the killer, offered their own reward of £50 for information leading to his capture,[127] and hired private detectives to question witnesses independently.[128]. [148] Some letters were well-intentioned offers of advice as to how to catch the killer, but the vast majority were either hoaxes or generally useless. Vocabulary Multi-choice quiz. Bloch’s Ripper is a dark magician, and “the murders represent a blood sacrifice to the dark gods in return for which the Ripper is granted eternal youth.” (Hodgson, 75) However, Bloch also compares the Ripper with another legend of London, the supernatural monster Spring-Heeled Jack, who assaulted women and children in 1837-38. [23][184] Imaginative descriptions of "Leather Apron" appeared in the press,[185] but rival journalists dismissed these as "a mythical outgrowth of the reporter's fancy". 60–61; Rumbelow, pp. 218–222; Evans and Skinner. [114] More than 2,000 people were interviewed, "upwards of 300" people were investigated, and 80 people were detained. [17] Dr Percy Clark, assistant to the examining pathologist George Bagster Phillips, linked only three of the murders and thought that the others were perpetrated by "weak-minded individual[s] ... induced to emulate the crime". "[42], Elizabeth Stride and Catherine Eddowes were both killed in the early morning hours of Sunday 30 September 1888. [82] Bruising about the victim's back, hip, and arm indicated the decedent had been extensively beaten shortly before her death. There is disagreement over the kidney; some contend that it belonged to Eddowes, while others argue that it was a macabre practical joke. [179] However, many of the articles were sensationalistic and speculative, and false information was regularly printed as fact. 47–52; Sugden, p. 254, Letter from Charles Warren to Godfrey Lushington, Permanent, Dr. Thomas Bond "notes of examination of body of woman found murdered & mutilated in Dorset Street" MEPO 3/3153 ff. A multi-level English curriculum featuring cartoon animated videos, engaging games, interactive tests and a progress tracker. [51], A local cigarette salesman named Joseph Lawende had passed through the square with two friends shortly before the murder, and he described seeing a fair-haired man of shabby appearance with a woman who may have been Eddowes. The handwriting and style is unlike that of the "Dear Boss" letter and "Saucy Jacky" postcard. [202], Jack the Ripper features in hundreds of works of fiction and works which straddle the boundaries between fact and fiction, including the Ripper letters and a hoax diary: The Diary of Jack the Ripper. [197], In the immediate aftermath of the murders and later, "Jack the Ripper became the children's bogey man. Some experts claim that the actual number is higher than the generally accepted Canonical Five. It provides a good overview of the East End, the victims and the problems faced by the police. 219 ff. [149], Hundreds of letters claimed to have been written by the killer himself,[150] and three of these in particular are prominent: the "Dear Boss" letter, the "Saucy Jacky" postcard and the "From Hell" letter. Some of the victims were mutilated, with internal organs being removed and left beside the body. Listening lesson plans with mp3 files also available. Haggard, Robert F. (1993), "Jack the Ripper As the Threat of Outcast London", Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 51–55; Marriott, Trevor, p. 13, Eddleston, p. 21; Evans and Rumbelow, pp. [121] Some contemporary figures, including Queen Victoria, thought the pattern of the murders indicated that the culprit was a butcher or cattle drover on one of the cattle boats that plied between London and mainland Europe. Pratiques UNE SÉQUENCE DE RECHERCHE DOCUMENTAIRE EN ANGLAIS À la recherche de Jack the Ripper Delphine RAVION – professeure d’anglais Lycée Paul Éluard – Saint-Denis (93) V En classe de seconde, une professeure d’anglais propose à ses élèves d’effectuer des recherches sur Jack l’éventreur en vue de la publication d’un article dans le journal en anglais du lycée. 76–77; Evans and Rumbelow, p. 137; Evans and Skinner, Cook, pp. [172] A journalist named Fred Best reportedly confessed in 1931 that he and a colleague at The Star had written the letters signed "Jack the Ripper" to heighten interest in the murders and "keep the business alive". Warning: This game has gory scenes. [156] Some sources claim that another letter dated 17 September 1888 was the first to use the name "Jack the Ripper",[157] but most experts believe that this was a fake inserted into police records in the 20th century. Evans, Stewart P.; Connell, Nicholas (2000). Evans and Rumbelow, pp. [173], The Ripper murders mark an important watershed in the treatment of crime by journalists. Be a better teacher! Part 2. 65–97; Vaughan, Laura, "Mapping the East End Labyrinth", in Werner, p. 225, Marriott, John, "The Imaginative Geography of the Whitechapel murders", in Werner, pp. [171] The journalist was identified as Tom Bullen in a letter from Chief Inspector John Littlechild to George R. Sims dated 23 September 1913. [68] Bond also stated that "the homicidal impulse may have developed from a revengeful or brooding condition of the mind, or that religious mania may have been the original disease but I do not think either hypothesis is likely". Rumours that the murders were connected intensified in September and October 1888, and numerous letters were received by media outlets and Scotland Yard from individuals purporting to be the murderer. If four witnesses are to be placed in the gateway about 20 mins prior to them raising the alarm, we should be able to do it regardless of stated times. Whitechapel was close to the London Docks,[122] and usually such boats docked on Thursday or Friday and departed on Saturday or Sunday. [31] Her throat was severed by two deep cuts, one of which completely severed all the tissue down to the vertebrae. Teach kids with an engaging blended English program. 2. 1. [16] Most experts point to deep slash wounds to the throat, followed by extensive abdominal and genital-area mutilation, the removal of internal organs, and progressive facial mutilations as the distinctive features of the Ripper's modus operandi. "[56] This graffito became known as the Goulston Street graffito. Macnaghten's notes quoted by Evans and Skinner. 1. We offer carefully designed phonics worksheets, games, videos and flash cards you will find on our site. English Lessons for Kids - Videos, Printables, Games, Online Tests After the murder of Nichols, Detective Inspectors Frederick Abberline, Henry Moore, and Walter Andrews were sent from Central Office at Scotland Yard to assist. 252–253, Bloom, Clive, "Jack the Ripper – A Legacy in Pictures", in Werner, pp. As such, by 1888, more working-class people in England and Wales were literate. 31–63. [65], Historically, the belief these five canonical murders were committed by the same perpetrator is derived from contemporary documents which link them together to the exclusion of others. [158], The "Saucy Jacky" postcard was postmarked 1 October 1888 and was received the same day by the Central News Agency. The Establishment as a whole became the villain, with the Ripper acting as a manifestation of upper-class exploitation. [67] Similarly, the canonical five victims were linked together in a letter written by police surgeon Thomas Bond to Robert Anderson, head of the London CID, on 10 November 1888. First, click on the picture and Play the game. She had received a superficial cut to her throat. ", "7 People Suspected of Being Jack the Ripper", "Sir William Withey Gull, 1st Baronet: English Physician", "Horror Upon Horror. 96–97; Evans and Skinner. [145] The term "ripperology" was coined by Colin Wilson in the 1970s to describe the study of the case by professionals and amateurs. [25] Tabram had not been raped. Jack the Ripper was an unidentified serial killer active in the largely impoverished areas in and around the Whitechapel district of London in 1888. This is a brief review of the Jack the Ripper murders that occurred in The East End of London more than a hundred years ago. Over the course of the Whitechapel murders, the police, newspapers, and other individuals received hundreds of letters regarding the case. [154] The name "Jack the Ripper" was first used in this letter by the signatory and gained worldwide notoriety after its publication. [138] Others have thought that the killer was an educated upper-class man, possibly a doctor or an aristocrat who ventured into Whitechapel from a more well-to-do area. 186–187; Evans and Skinner, Evans and Rumbelow, pp. here. [12], The large number of attacks against women in the East End during this time adds uncertainty to how many victims were murdered by the same individual. [129] The opinion offered by Bond on the character of the "Whitechapel murderer" is the earliest surviving offender profile. [57] Such graffiti were commonplace in Whitechapel. [118] This prompted Metropolitan Police Commissioner Sir Charles Warren to appoint Chief Inspector Donald Swanson to coordinate the enquiry from Scotland Yard. [176] These mushroomed in the later Victorian era to include mass-circulation newspapers costing as little as a halfpenny, along with popular magazines such as The Illustrated Police News which made the Ripper the beneficiary of previously unparalleled publicity. [48] A triangular incision—the apex of which pointed towards Eddowes's eye—had also been carved upon each of her cheeks,[49] and a section of the auricle and lobe of her right ear was later recovered from her clothing. The sensational brutal murders of five prostitutes in London's East End in the autumn of 1888 by an unknown killer who came to be called `Jack the Ripper' are probably the most famous unsolved crimes in history. [209] In 2006, a BBC History magazine poll selected Jack the Ripper as the worst Briton in history. At the end of October, Robert Anderson asked police surgeon Thomas Bond to give his opinion on the extent of the murderer's surgical skill and knowledge. Several minor bruises and cuts were found on her body, which also bore a seven-inch long superficial wound extending between beneath her left breast and her navel. Her throat had been deeply cut but her body was not mutilated, leading some to believe Thompson had disturbed her assailant. Take a tour now! Letter from Charles Warren to Godfrey Lushington. [175], Tax reforms in the 1850s had enabled the publication of inexpensive newspapers with a wider circulation. Réponse: Correction/Jack the Ripper de dsmith, postée le 02-11-2012 à 02:11:54 (S | E) Hello, I will alert you to some problems: Jack-the-Ripper is the nickname of a famous serial killer who acted in 1888, in the underprivileged London District of Whitechapel. The handwriting was similar to the "Dear Boss" letter,[159] and mentioned the canonical murders committed on 30 September, which the author refers to by writing "double event this time". [17] The first two cases in the Whitechapel murders file, those of Emma Elizabeth Smith and Martha Tabram, are not included in the canonical five. [68], There is no evidence the perpetrator engaged in sexual activity with any of the victims,[17][131] yet psychologists suppose that the penetration of the victims with a knife and "leaving them on display in sexually degrading positions with the wounds exposed" indicates that the perpetrator derived sexual pleasure from the attacks. Many experts do not connect Tabram's murder with the later murders because of this difference in the wound pattern. The "From Hell" letter received by George Lusk of the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee came with half of a preserved human kidney, purportedly taken from one of the victims. [187], After the publication of the "Dear Boss" letter, "Jack the Ripper" supplanted "Leather Apron" as the name adopted by the press and public to describe the killer. [30], The body of Mary Ann Nichols was discovered at about 3:40 a.m. on Friday 31 August 1888 in Buck's Row (now Durward Street), Whitechapel. [44] The absence of any further mutilations to her body has led to uncertainty as to whether Stride's murder was committed by the Ripper, or whether he was interrupted during the attack. The murders were never solved, and the legends surrounding these crimes became a combination of historical research, folklore, and pseudohistory. In the first four the throats appear to have been cut from left to right, in the last case owing to the extensive mutilation it is impossible to say in what direction the fatal cut was made, but arterial blood was found on the wall in splashes close to where the woman's head must have been lying.All the circumstances surrounding the murders lead me to form the opinion that the women must have been lying down when murdered and in every case the throat was first cut. [68], Some researchers have posited that some of the murders were undoubtedly the work of a single killer, but an unknown larger number of killers acting independently were responsible for the other crimes. Quoted in Cook, pp. you want to download you have to send your own contributions. 79–80; Fido, pp. [101] A further suspected precanonical victim, Annie Farmer, resided at the same lodging house as Martha Tabram[102] and reported an attack on 21 November 1888. He was so nicknamed after an anonymous letter claiming the murders, which was sent to the press which widely publicized it. Stride's body was discovered at approximately 1 a.m. in Dutfield's Yard, off Berner Street (now Henriques Street) in Whitechapel. 12–14, quoted in Sugden, pp. [64] Nichols was not missing any organs; Chapman's uterus and sections of her bladder and vagina were taken; Eddowes had her uterus and left kidney removed and her face mutilated; and Kelly's body was extensively eviscerated, with her face "gashed in all directions" and the tissue of her neck being severed to the bone, although the heart was the sole body organ missing from this crime scene. Worksheets that save paper, ink and time. Frissons garantis. Nichols had last been seen alive approximately one hour before the discovery of her body by a Mrs Emily Holland, with whom she had previously shared a bed at a common lodging-house in Thrawl Street, Spitalfields, walking in the direction of Whitechapel Road. Five victims—Mary Ann Nichols, Annie Chapman, Elizabeth Stride, Catherine Eddowes, and Mary Jane Kelly—are known as the "canonical five" and their murders between 31 August and 9 November 1888 are often considered the most likely to be linked. Our collection is growing every day with the help of many teachers. In both the criminal case files and contemporary journalistic accounts, the killer was called the Whitechapel Murderer and Leather Apron. Our thanks go out to Christopher J. Morley for his permission to publish his E-book. "[169] On 7 October 1888, George R. Sims in the Sunday newspaper Referee implied scathingly that the letter was written by a journalist "to hurl the circulation of a newspaper sky high". The text is unedited, and any errors or omissions rest with the author. [111], Carrie Brown (nicknamed "Shakespeare", reportedly for her habit of quoting Shakespeare's sonnets) was strangled with clothing and then mutilated with a knife on 24 April 1891 in New York City. Modern police work follows the same pattern. Similarities with the Ripper murders led to press speculation that the Ripper had killed him. [94] "Fairy Fay" seems to have been created through a confused press report of the murder of Emma Elizabeth Smith, who had a stick or other blunt object shoved into her vagina. "[183] Journalists were frustrated by the unwillingness of the CID to reveal details of their investigation to the public, and so resorted to writing reports of questionable veracity. The removal of internal organs from at least three of the victims led to proposals that their killer had some anatomical or surgical knowledge. A surviving note from Major Henry Smith, Acting Commissioner of the City Police, indicates that the alibis of local butchers and slaughterers were investigated, with the result that they were eliminated from the inquiry. [109], On 29 December 1888, the body of a seven-year-old boy named John Gill was found in a stable block in Manningham, Bradford. [112] Her body was found with a large tear through her groin area and superficial cuts on her legs and back. [166] Openshaw subsequently also received a letter signed "Jack the Ripper". 8–9; Marriott, Trevor, pp. [191], The nature of the Ripper murders and the impoverished lifestyle of the victims[192] drew attention to the poor living conditions in the East End[193] and galvanised public opinion against the overcrowded, insanitary slums. [164][165] The kidney was examined by Dr Thomas Openshaw of the London Hospital, who determined that it was human and from the left side, but (contrary to false newspaper reports) he could not determine any other biological characteristics. [189] The name "Jack" was already used to describe another fabled London attacker: "Spring-heeled Jack", who supposedly leapt over walls to strike at his victims and escape as quickly as he came. [52] Lawende's companions were unable to confirm his description. [134] DNA analysis on extant letters is inconclusive;[135] the available material has been handled many times and is too contaminated to provide meaningful results. In the 1920s and 1930s, he was depicted in film dressed in everyday clothes as a man with a hidden secret, preying on his unsuspecting victims; atmosphere and evil were suggested through lighting effects and shadowplay. [2] The parish of Whitechapel in London's East End became increasingly overcrowded, with the population increasing to approximately 80,000 inhabitants by 1888. 219–222; Rumbelow, p. 123, Evans and Rumbelow, p. 170; Fido, pp. Sensational press reports combined with the fact that no one was ever convicted of the murders have confused scholarly analysis and created a legend that casts a shadow over later serial killers. [83] She appeared to have been killed approximately one day prior to the discovery of her torso. [84] The dismembered sections of the body are believed to have been transported to the railway arch, hidden under an old chemise. For other uses, see, "With the Vigilance Committee in the East End: A Suspicious Character" from, Kershen, Anne J., "The Immigrant Community of Whitechapel at the Time of the Jack the Ripper Murders", in Werner, pp. [21] This attack was linked to the later murders by the press,[22] but most authors attribute Smith's murder to general East End gang violence unrelated to the Ripper case. A police investigation into a series of eleven brutal murders committed in Whitechapel and Spitalfields between 1888 and 1891 was unable to connect all the killings conclusively to the murders of 1888. Cook, pp. [111] No-one was ever prosecuted. [66] In 1894, Sir Melville Macnaghten, Assistant Chief Constable of the Metropolitan Police Service and Head of the Criminal Investigation Department (CID), wrote a report that stated: "the Whitechapel murderer had 5 victims—& 5 victims only". [43] The cause of death was a single clear-cut incision, measuring six inches across her neck which had severed her left carotid artery and her trachea before terminating beneath her right jaw. [124], In September 1888, a group of volunteer citizens in London's East End formed the Whitechapel Vigilance Committee. [87] A 53-year-old stoker, James Thomas Sadler, had earlier been seen drinking with Coles, and the two are known to have argued approximately three hours before her death. From 1882, Jewish refugees fleeing pogroms in Tsarist Russia and other areas of Eastern Europe emigrated into the same area. [14][23][24], Tabram was murdered on a staircase landing in George Yard, Whitechapel, on 7 August 1888;[25] she had suffered 39 stab wounds to her throat, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, stomach, and abdomen, with additional knife wounds inflicted to her breasts and vagina. Visit this page now! Pratiques UNE SÉQUENCE DE RECHERCHE DOCUMENTAIRE EN ANGLAIS À la recherche de Jack the Ripper Delphine RAVION – professeure d’anglais Lycée Paul Éluard – Saint-Denis (93) V En classe de seconde, une professeure d’anglais propose à ses élèves d’effectuer des recherches sur Jack l’éventreur en vue de la publication d’un article dans le journal en anglais du lycée. [190] The invention and adoption of a nickname for a particular killer became standard media practice with examples such as the Axeman of New Orleans, the Boston Strangler, and the Beltway Sniper. [188] He was soon released after the confirmation of his alibis. Live Worksheets [50] The police surgeon who conducted the post mortem upon Eddowes's body stated his opinion these mutilations would have taken "at least five minutes" to complete. [145][146] Despite continued interest in the case, the Ripper's identity remains unknown. "The New York Affair", in, Marriott, John, "The Imaginative Geography of the Whitechapel murders", in Werner, p. 48. [17][132] This view is challenged by others, who dismiss such hypotheses as insupportable supposition. [68], Bond was strongly opposed to the idea that the murderer possessed any kind of scientific or anatomical knowledge, or even "the technical knowledge of a butcher or horse slaughterer". Sadler was arrested by the police and charged with her murder. Grâce à cette séquence très détaillée de l’"atelier 19" (groupe animé par Corinne Brugière), utilisez des documents vidéo et faites découvrir Jack the Ripper et Sherlock Holmes à vos élèves. [204][205] The periodicals Ripperana, Ripperologist, and Ripper Notes publish their research. Hi all, Because of the ever-returning discussion on the timings of all the witnesses involved in the Stride case and also as a result of a post by Al Bundy's Eyes (#799) on the "Stride..a victim?" [168] Charles Warren explained in a letter to Godfrey Lushington, Permanent Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department: "I think the whole thing a hoax but of course we are bound to try & ascertain the writer in any case. Jack the Ripper was an unidentified serial killer active in the largely impoverished areas in and around the Whitechapel district of London in 1888. Her throat was severed and her abdomen ripped open by a long, deep and jagged wound before her intestines had been placed over her right shoulder. [95] Most authors agree that the victim "Fairy Fay" never existed. ", "Old Wounds: Re-examining the Buck's Row Murder", "Another Horrible Tragedy in Whitechapel", "Alice McKenzie a.k.a. Teaching Kids who Canñññt Read? Although the Ripper’s crimes were heinous and grotesque, they managed to captivate the entire country, serving as titilating entertainment for the repressed Victorian culture. She may have been another victim of the "Torso killer". [32] Her vagina had been stabbed twice,[33] and the lower part of her abdomen was partly ripped open by a deep, jagged wound, causing her bowels to protrude. Infamous murderer Jack the Ripper killed at least five London female prostitutes in 1888. Professor Francis E. Camps, August 1966, "More on Jack the Ripper", e.g. [68] He wrote: All five murders no doubt were committed by the same hand. No organs were removed from the scene, though an ovary was found upon the bed, either purposely removed or unintentionally dislodged. [206], In 2015, the Jack the Ripper Museum opened in east London, to minor protests. Fannys hooves. All with comprehensive Teacher Notes included. myth» but i know that you would like how and why. [14][15] Opinions vary as to whether these murders should be linked to the same culprit, but five of the eleven Whitechapel murders, known as the "canonical five", are widely believed to be the work of Jack the Ripper. An arm and shoulder belonging to the body were previously discovered floating in the River Thames near Pimlico on 11 September, and the left leg was subsequently discovered buried near where the torso was found on 17 October. [5] Robbery, violence, and alcohol dependency were commonplace,[3] and the endemic poverty drove many women to prostitution to survive on a daily basis. To understand how, you have to know that Jack the Ripper or «the Whitechapel murderer» has killed 5 prostitues in 1888 or in other word he killed in a period when there was a bad political situation but beacause of he was a «new thing» for the habitant of London, they never known something like a serial killer before. More than 100 non-fiction works deal exclusively with the Jack the Ripper murders, making it one of the most written-about true-crime subjects. American crime author Patricia Cornwell claimed that Walter Sickert, a well-known eccentric and painter, matched mitochondrial DNA profiles from letters written by Jack the Ripper. Worksheets that speak. Although an unknown man with blood on his mouth and hands had run out of this lodging house, shouting, "Look at what she has done!" If [136] There have been mutually incompatible claims that DNA evidence points conclusively to two different suspects, and the methodology of both has also been criticised. [210][211], This article is about the serial killer. Walkthrough by MaGtRo May 2009 . Evans, Stewart P. (April 2003). Examples derived from Jack the Ripper include the French Ripper, the Düsseldorf Ripper, the Camden Ripper, the Blackout Ripper, Jack the Stripper, the Yorkshire Ripper, and the Rostov Ripper.