‘We’ll probably end up fighting,’ he replied. Though she was soon back on set, an innocuous oversight concerning her costume unleashed yet another spitting fury. He locked himself in another room; Vivien hammered on the door. Olivier never lost touch with her or stopped caring about her. While filming A Yank At Oxford in 1938, she had become fixated on the need for special shoes to protect an injured foot, and when her agent queried this uncharacteristically diva-ish behaviour it sparked an alarming over-reaction. That year Olivier played opposite Dorothy Tutin in John Osborne’s The Entertainer. Explore genealogy for Laurent Olivier born abt. He wanted ‘a new girl’ to play the iconic Southern belle with the ‘arresting face’, ‘pale green eyes without a touch of hazel’ and ‘magnolia-white skin’ in the film of Margaret Mitchell’s worldwide bestseller of the American Civil War. Olivier de Kersauson sur son second mariage à 70 ans : « J'ai trouvé la bonne personne au bon moment, ça humanise » Le navigateur se livre Ancestry.ca, the largest online family history resource, can help you explore marriage records for Olivier Belanger and Genevieve St Laurent from among its billions of historical records from Canada and around the world.. PORTOFINO LAKES was a legal description provided for the property at that moment. René Perrier (de Marie Besset) 2. Olivier Merzoug, photographe-retoucheur Photographe-retoucheur depuis plus de 10 ans, basé à Paris, mon activité se décline autour de la mode, du corporate et du mariage… Contacts One day she asked Olivier if he was in love with ‘this girl’ (Tutin), and when he said yes, her response was sympathetic. He slowly walked Vivien off the set and took her home. That year they married on a ranch in Santa Barbara, California, Vivien’s later life is often portrayed as a personal and professional decline. Pre-order at mailshop.co.uk/books or call 0844 571 0640, Vivien’s fiery battle to become Scarlett O’Hara, After a two-year search, the Hollywood mogul David O Selznick had still not cast the most sought-after leading role in cinema history. Actor Marlon Brando with Vivien Leigh on the set of 'A Streetcar Named Desire', in 1951. [14840] PERRIER dit OLIVIER, Laurent (Laurent PERRIER & Madeleine ou Françoise ou Marie GUILLARD ou GUITTARD ou CHAUVIN [10248]), né/born vers 1665 (cm 1714) ou 1670 (sép. Published: 22:01 GMT, 20 October 2018 | Updated: 22:01 GMT, 20 October 2018, During the first tumultuous months of their affair, Vivien Leigh’s consuming passion for Laurence Olivier was conspicuous even on the screen. 1740)/about 1665 (cm 1714) or 1670 (burial 1740) Brest (Finistère : 29019), décédé/dead 1740-06-16, inhumé/buried 1740-06-17 La Prairie * mariés/married 1714-07-22 La Prairie, contrat de mariage/marriage … The house was soon to offer Vivien a refuge, when in 1945 she fell seriously ill with tuberculosis, and had to spend nine months there recuperating. Jeanne Dumas et Laurent Perrier dit Olivier signent un contrat de mariage le 22 juillet 1714 par devant Guillaume Barette Courville. Le couple a continué à se produire ensemble sur scène, mais leurs performances ont souffert de leur manque progressif d'alchimie. Pour participer à une liste de mariage, trouvez un couple grâce à notre moteur de recherche ou appelez-nous au 0 806 110 405 - Service gratuit (hors coût opérateur) (du lundi au vendredi de 10h à 13h et de 14h à 18h. ‘I realised with horror,’ he admitted, ‘that each of us was quite capable of murdering or causing death to the other.’. Olivier Sitruk, Laurent Ournac, Jeoffrey Bourdenet - Exclusif - Filage de la pièce "Le Gai Mariage" au Casino de Paris le 4 septembre 2015 à Paris. ‘They would disappear into her dressing room and it was quite a business to get her back to work.’, The couple had been cast earlier that year as young lovers in the Elizabethan costume drama Fire Over England. Il commence ses fonctions judiciaires comme juge d'instruction au TGI du Havre en 1989, puis au TGI de Rouen en 1993. MARIE was born on October 5 1789, in Saires-la-Verrerie, Orne, FRANCE. But the worst thing was her eyes… They were the eyes of a stranger.’ Vivien was soon apologetic, and clearly aware of some mental disturbance. Couple Olivier Mignault dit Labrie-Thalite dite Apploine Ouellet (1823-1864) L'avant-dernier enfant de Raphael Ouellet et Geneviève Bouchard baptisée en1823 portera le prénom de Thalite. L’équipe du studio réalise pour cela des reportages de mariage, des portraits individuels, des photos scolaires, des photographies de presse, des clichés publicitaires, des prises de vue industrielles ou autre. Vivien flung herself at life and gave her all in her acting. Autre que ça, bonne lecture. But a few days later, in the middle of the night, she ‘exploded’, hitting him across the face with a wet face cloth. Vivien Leigh and Laurence Olivier’s 20-year marriage seemed perfect, but affairs, artistic rivalry, and mental instability destroyed it Feb 23, 2018 E.L. Hamilton Vivien Leigh and Laurence Olivier in a publicity photo in 1939. And there was one crucial difference between her and Mitchell’s heroine, encapsulated in the novel’s first five words: ‘Scarlett O’Hara was not beautiful.’. Selznick planned to launch his film at the end of 1938 with a night shoot of the burning of Atlanta, setting fire to old sets using gallons of kerosene. Two nights later no one would have known, however, when at Les Ambassadeurs in Mayfair they threw what the press termed the ‘party of the year’. . He took her back to England, where she was taken to a mental hospital and sectioned. Everybody knows.’ ‘It’s not the stunts,’ Olivier complained to a fellow actor who remarked how tiring his part must be. ‘But don’t act with him too often or he will destroy you.’ The balance of their relationship had subtly shifted as the white heat of their initial affair inevitably cooled. Ce résumé est assez long pour un résumé mais celui si est fait à était fait dans le but de se souvenir du livre. Olivier, meanwhile, was now in his pomp as an actor, and the same year used the money from his triumphant film of Henry V to purchase his dream home, Notley Abbey in Buckinghamshire. His marriage with Sylvia Fine is also incredibly interesting, in that she was his manager and seemed to love him, but he seemed to resent her control and being married to a woman. But they got on well and she found him a thrilling performer to work with. But it would be another two years before the marriage was eventually dissolved. Ancestry.ca, the largest online family history resource, can help you explore marriage records for Olivier Cloutier and Eugenie St Laurent from among its billions of historical records from Canada and around the world.. After Olivier, she found happiness with Jack Merivale, an English actor who helped her manage her depression. Les actionnaires du joaillier américain Tiffany ont approuvé mercredi la fusion avec le géant du luxe français LVMH, scellant ainsi un mariage dont les fiançailles ont été marquées par des coups d'éclat.Environ 99% des actionnaires se sont prononcés en faveur de cette union, lors d'une assemblée générale extraordinaire tenue en virtuel, a indiqué un porte-parole. ‘Even when she was sleeping with me,’ said an actor who had had a brief fling with Vivien, ‘she was talking of Laurence Olivier.’ In her, Olivier saw ‘an attraction of the most perturbing nature I had ever encountered’. Très professionnel, il nous a expliqué sa démarche et s’est mis en quatre pour répondre à nos exigences. Both were already married with children, but the mutual attraction had been obvious even before they were introduced. She continued acting until the end of her life, turning in distinguished performances including two Broadway productions and a Hollywood film. And, said Stewart Granger, she ‘had two passions: her love for Larry and her determination to play Scarlett O’Hara’. When rushed home for the birth of his son during the filming of Fire Over England, his wife Jill Esmond noticed ‘the smell of Vivien’ – Patou’s Joy, her signature scent’. It was still a terrible shock to Olivier, however, once they had returned from Australia, when, at Durham Cottage one sunny spring day, Vivien said to him: ‘I don’t love you any more.’ ‘The central force of my life,’ Olivier wrote, ‘my heart in fact, as if by the world’s most skilful surgeon, had been removed.’. Joan Plowright then replaced Tutin, and now she and Olivier started a relationship. Laurent PERRIER dit OLIVIER was born abt. More eruptions followed but Olivier dismissed such ‘episodes’ as merely an actress’s ‘artistic temperament’. Vivien reprised the role two years later in the film version with Marlon Brando. After the curtain came down one night, a friend found Vivien ‘shaking like an autumn leaf and her lips were trembling. ‘I stood and prayed for forgiveness,’ wrote Olivier later, ‘for all the evils that had sprung up between us.’. Vivien regularly sent him bouquets of flowers, and he would pluck a carnation from them and wear it inside his underpants, before posting it back to her. Is this your ancestor? ‘I always thought that whatever happened between us,’ Vivien later wrote to Noël Coward, ‘eventually we would be completely together as we used to be… I shall never love anyone as I love him… Ever since The Entertainer I have watched Larry change.’ To Olivier she wrote that ‘I intend to divorce you on the grounds of desertion – mental and physical’. Olivier Leurent, né le 17 décembre 1963 à Mulhouse, est un magistrat français. En mai dernier, Mary-Kate Olsen et Olivier Sarkozy annonçaient leur divorce, après cinq ans de mariage. ‘Hey, genius,’ her agent called to Selznick and Cukor as Vivien stepped forward. Their relationship began to give under the strain. Truchement:Olivier Le Tardif fait partie de la série des interprètes de la Nouvelle-France de l'époque de Champlain, les «truchements» comme on les désignaient alors. Vivien had always flung herself at life and given her all in her acting, but her state of mind was starting to cause concern. Il est ensuite nommé secrétaire général du président du TGI de Paris en septembre 2000, poste qu'il occupe jusqu'en août 2004. and ? His home life sounds like it was horrible, as he would become a comedic character, and would remain in … She yelled at him and then became chillingly quiet. In 1940 they married on a ranch in Santa Barbara, California. In 1944 Vivien fell heavily while filming Caesar And Cleopatra and suffered one of several miscarriages. En janvier 2009, il est nommé conseiller à la cour d'appel de Paris, puis nommé président de chambre à la cour d'appel de Versailles en août 2015 (hors-hiérarchie). In 1958, in Duel Of Angels, Vivien took up with Peter Wyngarde. MARRIED. When Vivien told the director Alexander Korda they were in love, he just smiled. In 1949, Vivien was offered the role of Blanche DuBois in the London opening of Tennessee Williams’s Broadway success A Streetcar Named Desire, with Olivier directing. Eight months into the run , the physical and mental exhaustion had indeed taken its toll. Ce qui fait de lui un humoriste hors pair. MARRIED. Olivier Le Tardif de Honfleur(1601 - 1665) ; variante du nom: Le Tardif de Honnefleur, Sieur le Tardif de la Porte, Letardif. ‘Her voice turned suddenly hard. Jun 1, 2017 - Olivier Laurent Photographe (Photo mariage Brest). She clutched me and put her head on my shoulder and said in no more than a whisper, “Was I all right? Mariage: Marie Bessette — Afficher cette famille 26 novembre 1670. There’s nothing you can do.’. Olivier presented every woman with a red rose; Vivien, resplendent in aquamarine silk, gave each man a red carnation. Bienvenue sur mon site , je vous souhaite une agréable visite. Olivier took her to see a psychiatrist in New York and, though she found the consultation unhelpful, for the first time her condition was diagnosed: Vivien was very ill with manic depression (bipolar disorder). Mais il semble que ce prénom n'était pas celui souhaité par la personne concernée et Thalite deviendra alors Appoline. Olivier Leurent a été nommé directeur de l'École nationale de la magistrature le 13 juillet 2016 en conseil des ministres. The many embraces and lingering kisses their scenes together required meant they could practically make love on set. Her sleepy smile evaporates, her eyes widen, and for an instant she seems carnal and needy. Uzes, Languedoc (ar. Maître Olivier LAURENT, notaire à CATTENOM (57570), vous conseille et vous accompagne pour toutes les étapes de votre vie : mariage, PACS, divorce, testaments, succession, donation, achat immobilier, … Contactez Maître Olivier LAURENT pour prendre rendez-vous. Marriage records are primary resources for the marriage details, since they were created at the time of the marriage. After Gone With The Wind’s producer David Selznick had allowed Vivien a couple of days off to meet Olivier, she wrote to him that ‘we went upstairs and we f***** the whole weekend’. Suddenly the dying flames sparked into life, illuminating her face, highlighting her eyes as strikingly as the most gifted cameraman could have devised. From now on, Vivien’s mental health and the couple’s marriage became increasingly unstable. Olivier Leurent a travaillé sur plusieurs affaires à fort retentissement médiatique. “It was momentous, earth-shattering for me . The comments below have not been moderated. Leigh et Olivier n'ont pas renoncé à leur mariage. Some nights she never slept. Drink exacerbated her instability. Leigh in Waterloo Bridge, 1940. Olivier tried to give Vivien up but finally left Jill, and he proposed to her. ST-POL-DE-LEON, BRETAGNE. He pulled Vivien along the landing and flung her across the bedroom, where she cut her eyebrow on the bedside table. En mars 2013, il assure le procès de l'École en bateau, affaire de viol qui défraye la chronique. She spent several weeks there, and later underwent electro-convulsive therapy. ‘Marry him if you must,’ George Devine would later advise Joan Plowright, who would become Olivier’s third wife. But the hectic pace of their life together didn’t relent for long, and 1948 saw an Old Vic tour of Australia and New Zealand. ‘People always get sick of each other making a film.’, Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh arriving at Rome airport, 1953. A call was put out to David Niven, whom she had got to know among the English colony in Hollywood, to come and help. Exclusif - Olivier Sitruk et Laurent Ournac - "Le gai mariage", posent à Paris, le 29 juillet 2015 ‘It’s Vivien. In 1967 she suffered a severe recurrence of tuberculosis, and on July 8 she died at the age of 53. . The performance won Vivien an Oscar, but the effort saw her sink into one of her worst ‘episodes’: a serious bout of depression. While she was in Hollywood on the shoot, Olivier, while appearing on stage in New York, would post letters addressed to ‘My Little Rhapsody’ and ‘My Darling Carnation’. À propos de ce professionnel : Chez Olivier Laurent Photographe, on ne vous propose que de la qualité en termes de prise de vue. Laurence Kerr Olivier, Baron Olivier, OM (/ ˈ l ɒr ə n s ˈ k ɜːr ə ˈ l ɪ v i eɪ /; 22 May 1907 – 11 July 1989) was an English actor and director who, along with his contemporaries Ralph Richardson and John Gielgud, was one of a trinity of male actors who dominated the British stage of the mid-20th century. En 2014, il dirigera le procès Simbikangwa dans le cadre des crimes commis lors du génocide rwandais[3]. At the end of 1938, Vivien secured the coveted leading role as Scarlett O’Hara in Gone With The Wind. 1665 in Bretagne, France . Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh, in 1940. Jean Perrier (1692 - … Some of her friends were worried, however: what effect would this searing study of a mind slipping into madness have on Vivien’s fragile psyche? Vivien told Olivier how much she looked forward to their working together. This animal vitality, according to Larry Adler, who was also in the cast, had a simple explanation: Olivier’s appearances on the set. Offer price £20, with free p&p, until Nov 11. Laurent MARION 1816-1886 Auteur de cet arbre : Olivier BELZ ( olibel812 ) Contacter Statut du mariage: Jeanne Marie Dumas, Rencontre — Afficher cette famille. Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh, in 1940. Le juge a également travaillé sur les procès du nationaliste corse Charles Pieri, du préfet Jean-Charles Marchiani, du président du conseil régional d'Ile-de-France Jean-Paul Huchon, du scandale des HLM de Paris, ou encore d'Eurotunnel. Vivien was beguiled by Finch’s Eastern mysticism and his talk of ‘twin souls’ and ‘karma’, and they began an affair. She will naturally do whatever he wishes’. 1731 St-Maurice, St-Maurice de Cazevieille, ev. Historical Person Search Search Search Results Results OLIVIER LAURENT LASSONDE (1832 - 1907) Try FREE for 14 days Try FREE for 14 days How do we create a person’s profile? The film of Streetcar remains her outstanding screen performance, but what Olivier’s daughter remembered of the shoot was the fights between Vivien and her father – ‘real theatrically pitched arguments behind closed doors’. En 1956, lors de la production de "South Sea Bubble", Leigh apprend qu'elle est enceinte et … En 2015, Olivier Leurent quitte les assises pour devenir juge à la Cour d'Appel de Versailles[1]. Vivien Leigh was very beautiful indeed. They would be married the next year.Getty Images The name of Laurent Olivier has been listed in the property assessment records for address 3729 Ne 16 St, Homestead, 33033 Fl, parcel #1079100110890. RENE married MARIE MARGUERITE OLIVIER (born AUNAY AUVRAY) in month 1819, at age 25 at marriage place. ‘Dark Star: A Biography Of Vivien Leigh’ by Alan Strachan is published by I B Tauris on October 30, priced £25. It would keep them away nearly a year and prove, said Vivien’s understudy, ‘very, very tiring’. In 1957 the couple moved to London’s Eaton Square. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. (Personne ou chose qui explique ou fait comprendre ce que l'on veut (par le truch… ... Laurent Olivier, Perrier. He had no warning: Vivien had told the television news the day before. On November 5, 1959, Vivien’s birthday, Olivier took her out to dinner, gave her a Rolls-Royce and told her they should part. Olivier Leurent réussit le concours d'entrée de l'Ecole nationale de la magistrature en décembre 1986. In 1937 she appeared with Rex Harrison in St Martin’s Lane, and in one scene she is caught in the light of a street lamp. Vivien’s agent timed her arrival on the film lot just after the fire reached its height. They had shared a life, he wrote, ‘that resembled nothing so much as an express lift sky-ing you upwards and throwing you downwards in an insanely non-stop fashion’. It’s every day, two, three times.’. In 1952, Olivier, appearing in Peter Brook’s film of The Beggar’s Opera, began an affair with fellow cast member Dorothy Tutin. V. BREST, EV. Choisir un photographe qui comprend vos besoins et vos envies n’est pas chose facile. En 2010, il préside l’affaire du Gang des Barbares (dont la victime fut Ilan Halimi); en 2011, le procès du révolutionnaire Ilich Ramirez Sanchez, dit Carlos[2]. Summoned from holiday in Ischia, Olivier flew out to an encounter ‘more dreaded than any other in my life’. Though the director Elia Kazan boasted of a brief affair with her, rumours of a liaison with Brando are also unsubstantiated. 'I was exhausted. Olivier Fréchard est un photographe talentueux qui a su restituer les émotions et les moments clés de notre mariage en images. The couple appeared together on stage in 1937 as Hamlet and Ophelia, and moved in together at Durham Cottage in Chelsea, which would be their London home for nearly 20 years. Il dirige l'École nationale de la magistrature entre 2016 et 2020 et préside le tribunal judiciaire de Marseille depuis le 12 août 2020 Her hair was loose under a black hat; a touch of eye shadow accentuated her blue-green eyes. Laurent was an immigrant to Canada, arriving by 1690. (Il signa toujours «Letardif») Pionnier de la Nouvelle-France:Olivier Le Tardif est l'un des pionniers de la Nouvelle-France, arrivé au pays vers 1618. The two of them disappeared into the cooler hills and stayed out all night. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 7 octobre 2020 à 18:56. a very, very strange experience,” she says of her marriage to Olivier in the film. modifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata. She had come to realise that, much as Olivier loved her, he loved acting more. Am I mad to be doing it?”’. Olivier Laurent mélange parfaitement humour, ambiance, émotion et performance vocale absolue. Olivier Leurent, l’élégance judiciaire par Anaïs Coignac le 23 juin 2015 Aussi discret que méticuleux, Olivier Leurent est de ces magistrats que les avocats se … Laurent PERRIER dit OLIVIER was the child of ? Statut du mariage: Marie Bessette — Afficher cette famille. Ales, Gard) died 1800 including parents + 8 photos + more in the free family tree community. Some put the outburst down to the distress of the miscarriage, but in truth the increasing frequency of these mood swings was evidence of a more profound disturbance. Cette Article est un simple résumé par chapitre de Thérèse Raquin comme l'indique le titre. Matters came to a head once the shooting of Elephant Walk transferred to Hollywood. The allusion to the love tokens they had sent each other back in 1939 was unmistakable. ‘Real passion,’ reflected Jill of Olivier’s affair with Leigh after he had finally left her: ‘I’ve only seen it that once. Olivier Leurent, né le 17 décembre 1963 à Mulhouse, est un magistrat français. Laurent married Jeannette Olivier on month day 1943, at marriage place. ‘Of course, my dear. Il dirige l'École nationale de la magistrature entre 2016 et 2020 et préside le tribunal judiciaire de Marseille depuis le 12 août 2020. Merivale got news to Olivier, and when he arrived at Eaton Square, Merivale showed him into Vivien’s bedroom and left him alone with her. Vivien had borne Olivier no ill will; she wished for his happiness. Vivien remained far from well. Leigh’s consuming passion for Olivier was conspicuous even on the screen, In fact, they were soon enmeshed in a tempestuous passion. Part of the Daily Mail, The Mail on Sunday & Metro Media Group. Donnez votre témoignage sur Olivier LAURENT PHOTOGRAPHE photographe professionnel amoureux de son métier, et surtout passionné des rencontres humaines. She was not even American, let alone ‘of French and Irish descent’. Marguerite Olivier (born Fréchette), 1896 - 1990 Marguerite Olivier (born Fréchette) was born in 1896, at birth place, to Ferdinand Fréchette and Rosalie Fréchette (born Méthot). We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to … By now Olivier had come to think of Vivien’s illness as living with ‘the monster’, and concluded they must part. Later the same year, Vivien went to Ceylon to shoot Elephant Walk with Peter Finch, a man with a strong sexual drive and something of a hellraiser. Directeur de l'École nationale de la magistrature, Décret du 12 juillet 2017 portant promotion et nomination, Décret du 14 novembre 2005 portant promotion et nomination, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Olivier_Leurent&oldid=175376515, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. A panic attack on the flight to LA saw Vivien screaming and trying to rip off her clothes, and then on set she seemed lost, calling Finch ‘Larry’ and speaking dialogue from Streetcar. There, he related later, she appeared naked at the top of the stairs, hair in clumps, mascara and make-up streaked down her chin. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. Liste de ses enfants connus: 1. Marguerite Perier ( - 1725) 5 (de Jeanne Dumas) + 3. ‘Something snapped in my brain,’ Olivier recalled later. Marriage records are primary resources for the marriage details, since they were created at the time of the marriage. Il est nommé juge d'instruction au TGI de Créteil à compter du 1er septembre 1995. The views expressed in the contents above are those of our users and do not necessarily reflect the views of MailOnline. Marriage(s) and Child(ren): He married Marie BESSETTE (BESSET) 26 November 1690 in Québec Province, Canada . Une séparation loin d'être facile, tant les relations entre les deux anciens époux semblaient tendues.Et si la styliste et ancienne star de télé voulait prendre du temps pour elle et s'amuser, la réalité du divorce l'a rattrapée. But this is far from the truth. She reciprocated by mailing him her panties, which he arranged in his hotel room as a kind of shrine. That year they married on a ranch in Santa Barbara, California Vivien’s later life is often portrayed as a … Bienvenue sur le meilleur service de liste de mariage ! Il est alors nommé vice-président au TGI de Paris, poste qu'il occupe durant quatre ans et demi. If you are ever hit by it, God help you. It was to be their last major public appearance together. He found Vivien with her face in her hands, her eyes reduced to pin-pricks. RENE OLIVIER was born on month day 1793, at birth place, to FRANCOIS OLIVIER and ANNE JACQUELINE OLIVIER (born BISSON). Le 18 février 2016, il préside la Cour rendant l'arrêt relaxant le rappeur Orelsan, poursuivi du chef de « provocation à la violence à l’égard d’un groupe de personnes à raison de leur sexe »[4]. But Vivien, always unsentimental, was simply redefining their marriage. Il décède en 1740 1. Rosalie was born on April 25 1861, in St Nicolas, Quebec, Canada. Olivier’s birthday was May 22, and on that day in 1960 he got up to read in the papers that ‘Lady Olivier wishes to say that Sir Laurence has asked for a divorce in order to marry Miss Joan Plowright. ‘The girl I select,’ added the original director George Cukor, ‘must be possessed of the devil and charged with electricity.’, Leigh, said Stewart Granger, ‘had two passions: her love for Larry and her determination to play Scarlett O’Hara’, Vivien Leigh was no Southern belle: in St Martin’s Lane, her one previous film requiring an accent, her cockney barely passes muster.